Basic facts and relationships
Addition:
Fluency is based on instructional strategies that are developed conceptually, rather than based on rote practice and memorization.
Thinking strategies for addition facts are directly related to one or more number relationships and include the following:
* Facts that have one addend of 1 or 2 (36 facts).
* Facts that have zero as one of the addends (19 facts).
* Doubles facts (10 facts).
* Make a ten by giving some quantity from one addend to the other addend. This can be enhanced through the ten frame.
Subtraction:
Teaching for understanding is enhanced when instruction focuses on tasks and strategies that help students develop relationships within addition and subtraction combinations.
Learning to think of subtraction as addition can make subtraction as easy as, or easier than, addition.
* Rather than thinking of 14 - 8, children can be encouraged to focus on 8 and what other number make 14.
* This strategy focuses on part-part-whole relations, which have been shown to be particularly effective at supporting students' development of efficient thinking subtraction strategies.
* Emphasizing part-part-whole relations helps students develop an understanding of related facts and inverse operations, and their ability to recognize when to add and when to subtract.
Fluency is based on instructional strategies that are developed conceptually, rather than based on rote practice and memorization.
Thinking strategies for addition facts are directly related to one or more number relationships and include the following:
* Facts that have one addend of 1 or 2 (36 facts).
* Facts that have zero as one of the addends (19 facts).
* Doubles facts (10 facts).
* Make a ten by giving some quantity from one addend to the other addend. This can be enhanced through the ten frame.
Subtraction:
Teaching for understanding is enhanced when instruction focuses on tasks and strategies that help students develop relationships within addition and subtraction combinations.
Learning to think of subtraction as addition can make subtraction as easy as, or easier than, addition.
* Rather than thinking of 14 - 8, children can be encouraged to focus on 8 and what other number make 14.
* This strategy focuses on part-part-whole relations, which have been shown to be particularly effective at supporting students' development of efficient thinking subtraction strategies.
* Emphasizing part-part-whole relations helps students develop an understanding of related facts and inverse operations, and their ability to recognize when to add and when to subtract.
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